Douglass Cecil North (November 5, 1920 – November 23, 2015) was an influential American economist acclaimed for his pioneering work in economic history. Awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1993 alongside Robert Fogel, North's remarkable contributions revitalized research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods to elucidate economic and institutional change. He was a prominent figure in New Institutional Economics, where he emphasized the profound impact of institutions on economic behaviors and outcomes. North's research underscored the crucial role of institutions in shaping the incentive structure of an economy, thus influencing its trajectory towards growth, stagnation, or decline. His work revealed how institutions provide essential information and reduce transaction costs, stimulating economic activity.Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, North's academic journey led him to the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned a Ph.D. in economics in 1952. Subsequently, he embarked on a distinguished academic career, teaching at the University of Washington and later joining the faculty of Washington University in St. Louis. North's research encompassed diverse areas such as property rights, transaction costs, economic organization in history, and economic development in developing countries. He also played a pivotal role in founding the International Society for the New Institutional Economics. North's profound impact on economic thought and his enduring legacy continue to resonate across the fields of economics and institutional theory.North's influential work has left an indelible mark on economic history and institutional theory,

The Douglass family, originating from Cordova, Maryland, United States, is a prominent American family established by the renowned politician and activist Frederick Douglass. Born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, he assumed the surname Douglass after escaping from slavery to hide from his former master, as suggested by a friend and inspired by a poem. The family became part of the African-American upper class, providing leadership and intermarrying with descendants of Booker T. Washington. Notable members include Frederick Douglass, a statesman and writer, Anna Murray Douglass, an abolitionist and Frederick's first wife, and Rosetta Douglass-Sprague, a teacher and activist, among others. The family's legacy is marked by their significant contributions to various fields, and their influence continues to be felt. The Douglass family has left a lasting impact on American history and society, with numerous landmarks and institutions dedicated to honoring their legacy.

Douglass Houghton (September 21, 1809 – October 13, 1845) was an influential American geologist and physician renowned for his exploration of the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, where extensive copper mining commenced in the 19th century. Born in Troy, New York, Houghton displayed a keen interest in the natural world from an early age. He pursued scientific training at the Rensselaer School and also studied medicine, eventually obtaining a license to practice. Houghton's career took off when he became a prominent figure in Detroit, known for his expertise in science and medicine. He was chosen by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft to accompany him on expeditions through Lake Superior and the upper Mississippi valley, during which he made significant botanical collections and provided medical aid to indigenous tribes. Houghton's contributions to the field of geology were substantial, as he played a pivotal role in the state geological survey and facilitated Michigan's first great mining boom. Tragically, Houghton met his untimely demise in 1845 while leading a survey of the Lake Superior region, leaving behind a lasting legacy in the realm of geology and natural sciences.

Douglass University, established in 1926 in St. Louis, Missouri, was the second university in the state to admit African American students and the second U.S. law school to grant African Americans full law degrees. Named after Frederick Douglass, the university was founded by Benjamin F. Bowles to provide education specifically for African American students. Initially located at 4346 Enright Avenue, it later moved to 2803 Pine Street and subsequently to various other locations within St. Louis. The first classes, catering exclusively to law, commenced in January 1927 with a mere 8 students. At that time, no other college in St. Louis County admitted black students. The faculty, which comprised primarily teachers from the local public school system, worked without wages. In 1928, the university expanded its offerings to include theology, business, and music, and saw its enrollment increase to 37 students. Despite struggling financially during the Great Depression, the university continued to operate until its closure in 1942. It reopened briefly in 1943. Douglass University played a significant role in providing educational opportunities for African American students during a time of racial segregation and discrimination.

The Douglass surname has been associated with numerous notable individuals across various fields. From American whalers and astronomers to football quarterbacks and civil engineers, the Douglass name has left a significant imprint. Notable figures include Frederick Douglass, an influential American abolitionist and writer, and Kate Douglass, a talented Olympic swimmer. Additionally, the Douglass family has produced individuals such as Linda Douglass, who served as the director of communications for the White House Office of Health Reform during the Obama administration. The diverse accomplishments of the Douglass individuals span across generations and continents, with their contributions making a lasting impact in fields ranging from sports and politics to science and activism. With a rich and varied legacy, the Douglass surname continues to be associated with remarkable achievements and influence.