The Oklahoma House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Established in 1907 by the Oklahoma Constitution, it consists of 101 members, each representing a legislative district. The House members introduce and vote on bills and resolutions, oversee state agencies, and aid in crafting the state's budget. They are elected every two years coinciding with federal elections. The House meets from early February until the last Friday in May and holds district elections every two years. The Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives serves as the presiding officer, and members organize in political party-based caucuses to develop partisan policy agendas. After the 2024 election, Republicans hold a supermajority of the House seats in the 60th Oklahoma Legislature. Throughout its history, the House has witnessed significant events such as the first African-American member serving one term and the impeachment of Governor Henry S. Johnston. From the 1930s through the 1950s, the House faced challenges related to severe drought, land consolidation, mechanization, relief efforts for farmers, public works programs, tax code reform, and unemployment insurance.

The Oklahoma Senate, the upper house of the Oklahoma Legislature, consists of 48 senators who play a crucial role in the state's governance. They are responsible for approving gubernatorial appointments, shaping state laws, and contributing to the annual state budget. Every decade, they participate in redrawing electoral district boundaries and also serve as a court of impeachment. The lieutenant governor of Oklahoma presides over the Senate, while the president pro tempore oversees daily operations. Since the 1960s, the president pro tempore has taken on a leading role in the Senate. The history of the Senate reflects significant milestones, such as the election of the first female state senator in 1920 and the impact of the "one man, one vote" decision in the 1960s. The Senate's powers and processes are governed by legislative sessions held at the Oklahoma State Capitol, with special sessions called by the governor or through a supermajority vote. The Republican Party has held a supermajority in the Senate since the 53rd Oklahoma Legislature, with the current 60th legislature maintaining a breakdown of 40-8.