Shah Safi, also known as Sam Mirza, was the sixth shah of Safavid Iran from 1629 to 1642. His reign was marked by internal turmoil, continuous revolts, and a war with the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the loss of territories. Safi's rule was characterized by his inability to assert authority, leading to a power vacuum and constant challenges to his leadership. His reliance on officials like Saru Taqi, who held significant influence, further weakened his governance. Safi's reign saw heavy taxation, investigations into revenue flows, and the appointment of family members to key positions. He was also known for his cruelty, including the massacre of members of the harem. Safi's reign ended with a smaller and weakened Safavid empire. His weak-minded and passive approach to governance contributed to the empire's decline. Safi's early life was marked by the elimination of potential threats to his ascension, and his reign was characterized by his lack of interest in governance, preferring indulgence in substances like wine and opium. Despite initial successes, his rule was exploited by foreign enemies, leading to territorial losses. Safi's death in 1642 marked the end of a tumultuous reign that contributed to the Safavid empire's decline.