The Taifa of Zaragoza was an independent Arab Muslim state in the east of Al-Andalus (present-day Spain) with its capital in Saraqusta (Zaragoza) city. Established in the early 11th century as one of the many Taifa kingdoms that emerged after the collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba, it survived until 1110 when it was annexed by the Almoravids. The city was initially ruled by the Arab Banu Tujib tribe, succeeded by the Arab Banu Hud rulers who faced challenges from various factions including El Cid of Valencia and the Almoravids. After the death of El Cid, the kingdom was conquered by the Almoravids, and by 1100 they had crossed the Ebro into Barbastro, leading to direct confrontation with Aragon. The Banu Hud stubbornly resisted the Almoravids but were eventually defeated in May 1110. Abd-al-Malik, the last sultan of the Banu Hud, allied with the Christian Aragonese and the Muslim soldiers of Saraqusta served in the Aragonese forces. The old taifa, including the city of Zaragoza, was conquered by the Christian kingdom of Aragon around 1118 and remained in Christian hands thereafter. The Taifa of Zaragoza was separate from that of Lérida between c. 1040 and c. 1105. Notable

The Taifa of Toledo was an Islamic polity located in the center of the Iberian Peninsula during the High Middle Ages. Ruled by the Dhulnunids, a Hawwara Berber clan, it emerged after the fracturing of the Caliphate of Córdoba, gaining control over the city of Toledo and expanding to the land of Calatrava. Despite the Umayyad capital being established in Córdoba, Toledo maintained relative autonomy under Cordobese rule. The power remained in the hands of local leaders, and the city was offered to the lord of Santaver, Abd al-Rahman ibn Dil-Nun, who sent his son Ismail al-Zahir to take control. The Taifa of Toledo reached its largest extent, controlling land in several Spanish provinces. The disintegration of the taifa occurred over a number of years, with different rulers and external influences shaping its history. It ultimately fell into Christian hands in 1085, marking the end of its rule.