YourRoots by Genomelink
banner

Sign up to explore more

Create a free account to navigate family trees, view ancestors, and discover connections.

James Churchill 1781–1851 – Genealogical Records

Birth Date: 1781

Birth Location: Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Death Date: Abt 1851

Death Location: Portugal Cove, Newfoundland

Father: Richard 1747

Mother: Margaret Allen

Spouse(s): Elizabeth Frye, Frances Russell

Children(s): James Churchill, William Sr, Absalom Churchill, Charlotte Churchill, William Churchill, Welthan Churchill, Henry Churchill, Annie Churchill, Elizabeth Churchill, Richard Churchill, Mary Churchill, Patience Churchill, Simeon Churchill, James Jr, Phillip Churchill, Stephen Churchill, John 1813, John Churchill, Nathaniel Churchill, Jervis Churchill

In 1781, James Churchill entered the world in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, born to Richard Churchill Ii 1747 And Margaret Allen. James Churchill married Elizabeth Frye, Frances Russell, and had children including Absalom Churchill, Annie Churchill, Charlotte Churchill, Elizabeth Eliza Churchill, Henry Churchill, James Churchill Jr, James John Churchill, Jervis Churchill, John Churchill 1813, John James 1832 Churchill, Mary Churchill, Nathaniel Churchill, Patience Churchill, Phillip Churchill, Richard Churchill, Simeon Wesley Churchill, Stephen Churchill, Welthan Han Churchill, William Churchill, William Churchill Sr. James Churchill passed away in 1851 in Portugal Cove, Newfoundland.

Find more search results for James Churchill
JC

Reliability Score

This score reflects the reliability of the source family tree. A high rating indicates a trustworthy source with strong data consistency.

Reliability Score:
A
Criteria:
  • A 3 criteria (Strong)
  • B 2 criteria (Medium)
  • C 1 criteria (Basic)
  • N/A 0 criteria (Insufficient)

This tree's reliability score:

  • Record available
  • Descendant's record available
  • Star tree owner

Biography

  • In 1781, James Churchill entered the world in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, born to Richard Churchill Ii 1747 And Margaret Allen.
  • James Churchill married Elizabeth Frye, Frances Russell, and had children including Absalom Churchill, Annie Churchill, Charlotte Churchill, Elizabeth Eliza Churchill, Henry Churchill, James Churchill Jr, James John Churchill, Jervis Churchill, John Churchill 1813, John James 1832 Churchill, Mary Churchill, Nathaniel Churchill, Patience Churchill, Phillip Churchill, Richard Churchill, Simeon Wesley Churchill, Stephen Churchill, Welthan Han Churchill, William Churchill, William Churchill Sr.
  • James Churchill passed away in 1851 in Portugal Cove, Newfoundland.

Immediate Family

Parents

Richard 1747
1748–
Birth Location: Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
R1
Margaret Allen
–1828
Birth Location: Dartmouth,Devonshire,England
MA

Spouses(s)

Elizabeth Frye
1789–1853
Birth Location: Grates Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
EF
Frances Russell
1770–1808
Birth Location: –
FR

Children(s)

James Churchill
1823–1912
Birth Location: Grates Cove, Newfoundland
JC
William Sr
1810–1861
Birth Location: Grates Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
WS
Absalom Churchill
1828–1861
Birth Location: Grates Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
AC
Charlotte Churchill
1818–1899
Birth Location: Topsail, Newfoundland
CC
William Churchill
1816–1881
Birth Location: Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
WC
Welthan Churchill
1815–
Birth Location: Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
WC
Henry Churchill
1816–1891
Birth Location: Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
HC
Annie Churchill
1815–1898
Birth Location: Grates Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
AC
Elizabeth Churchill
1834–1921
Birth Location: –
EC
Richard Churchill
1820–1881
Birth Location: Portugal Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
RC
Mary Churchill
1808–1902
Birth Location: Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
MC
Patience Churchill
1831–
Birth Location: Grate Cove, Newfoundland
PC
Simeon Churchill
1829–
Birth Location: Grates Cove, Newfoundland
SC
James Jr
1823–1912
Birth Location: Grates Cove, Newfoundland
JJ
Phillip Churchill
–1823
Birth Location: –
PC
Stephen Churchill
1822–1916
Birth Location: Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
SC
John 1813
1813–1892
Birth Location: Grates Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
J1
John Churchill
1832–
Birth Location: Corfe, Dorset, England
JC
Nathaniel Churchill
1824–1889
Birth Location: Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
NC
Jervis Churchill
1799–1870
Birth Location: Carbonear, Newfoundland, Canada
JC

James Churchill's Ancestors

Self
James Churchill
1781–1851
Birth Place: Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Parents
Richard Churchill II - 1747
1748–
Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
Margaret Allen
–1828
Dartmouth,Devonshire,England
Grandparents
Richard (Churchill Sr.) 1712
1712–1754
Hardington Mandeville, Somerset, England, United Kingdom
Margaret (Reynold) (Reywell)
1714–1784
Hardington Mandeville, Somerset, England, UK
Great-Grandparents
Isaac Churchill
1686–1724
Mary Gale
1688–1724
2nd-Great-Grandparents
Richard Churchwill
1669–1709
Elizabeth Deadman
1667–1714

James Churchill's Descendants

1.
JC
James Churchill (1781–Abt 1851) m. Elizabeth Frye (1789–12 APR 1853) m. Frances Russell (ABT 1770–Bef 1808)
  1. 1. James (John) Churchill 1823–1912 m. Jane ((Jemima)) Avery 1837–1868
    1. 1. Alexander ((Sandy)) Churchill 1867–1941 m. Roseanna Price 1864–
      1. 1. Edith Churchill 1902–1984
      2. 2. William Churchill 1892–1992
      3. 3. Lizzie (Taylor (Elizabeth)) Churchill 1890– m. Allan ((William)) Baker 1885–1938
        1. 1. Hubert Baker 1908–1966
        2. 2. William Baker 1910–2003
        3. 3. Myrtle Baker 1912–
        4. 4. Alexander Baker 1914–2005
        5. 5. Earnest Baker 1916–1990 m. Kathryn House 1924–2012
        6. 6. Allen (\ Allan) Baker 1926–2007
    2. 2. Absalom (John) Churchill 1863–1915 m. Euphemia (Jane) Hampton 1864–
      1. 1. Frederick (Charles) Churchill 1907–2004
      2. 2. Walter Churchill 1897–1980
      3. 3. Myrtle (Euphemia Churchill) Lambert 1898–1988
      4. 4. Edith (Annie Churchill) McMillan 1890–1990
      5. 5. Ralph (Eugene) Churchill 1893–1944
      6. 6. Cora (Marie) Churchill 1901–1911
      7. 7. Lester (William) Churchill 1904–1918
  2. 2. William (Churchill) Sr 1810–1861 m. Emily ('Amy') Churchill 1831–1831
    1. 1. George (Churchill) 1834 1842–1915 m. Mary (Ann Sullivan) 1837 1837–1919
      1. 1. Fanny (Frances) Churchill 1883–1933 m. David (Mark Carr) Clements 1881–1959
        1. 1. Emma (Muriel) Clements 1907–1977
        2. 2. Winston (Churchill) Clements 1910–1978
        3. 3. Edith (Cavell) Clements 1916–1985
        4. 4. Andrew Clements –2003
        5. 5. Muriel (Clements) SIMPSON –2003
        6. 6. Margaret (Clements) BROWN –2003
        7. 7. Carol (Clements) Handy –2003
        8. 8. Andrew (Cecil R.) Clements 1914–1995
        9. 9. Mary (Cynthia) Clements 1912–2003
      2. 2. John (Churchill) 1872 1872–1954 m. Elizabeth (Picco) 1886 1886–1910 m. Bertha Churchill 1891–1972 m. Elizabeth Harding 1882–1914
        1. 1. Jacob Churchill 1919–2004 m. Florence ((Married to John Churchill DOB 1919)) Fitzgerald 1912–2005
        2. 2. George Churchill 1917–1987 m. Esther (May) Francis 1911–1979 m. Myrtle (Ferne) Blackmore 1912–1974
        3. 3. Enid Churchill 1921–2003 m. Cyril (Joseph Cahill) Sr 1915–2005
        4. 4. Pauline (Elizabeth) Churchill 1923–2011 m. Joshua (Bass) Gosse 1911–1997
        5. 5. Angus (Jean) Churchill 1933–2018 m. Arthur (Edmondson) Rossell 1920–2014
        6. 6. Margaret Churchill 1926–2020 m. Walter (Wilfred Cyril) Parsons 1929–1994
        7. 7. Chesley Churchill 1915–
      3. 3. Emily Churchill 1864–1949 m. Richard Clements 1868–1933 m. Richard Clements 1868–1933
        1. 1. William (James) Clemens 1897–1960
        2. 2. Walter Clements 1900–1996
        3. 3. John (Thomas) Clements 1903–1970
        4. 4. George (C.) Clements 1905–1997
        5. 5. Mabel (Elizabeth) Clements 1899–1993
        6. 6. May (Dawe) Clements 1907–1983
        7. 7. Betty Clements 1908–1970
        8. 8. John (Thomas) Clements 1903–1970
        9. 9. Elizabeth (“Betty”) Clements 1908–1970
        10. 10. Walter Clements 1900–1996
        11. 11. George (C.) Clements 1905–1997
        12. 12. Mabel (Elizabeth) Clements 1899–1993
        13. 13. John Clemens 1900–
        14. 14. Thomas Clemens 1906–
        15. 15. William (James) Clemens 1897–1960
        16. 16. May (Dawe) Clements 1907–1983
      4. 4. Elizabeth Churchill 1877–1957 m. Nathan Picco 1867–1937
        1. 1. Clarence Picco 1907–1976
        2. 2. Pauline (Elizabeth) Picco 1902–1999
        3. 3. Eliza (Ann) Picco 1909–1956
        4. 4. John (Joseph) Picco 1911–1957
        5. 5. George Picco 1910–1997
        6. 6. Leander Picco 1914–1973
      5. 5. William (Thomas) Churchill 1870–1942 m. Emily (Ann) Frye 1875–1943
        1. 1. Marjorie Churchill 1908–1981 m. William Churchill 1894–1983
        2. 2. Francis ("Frank" Victor) Churchill 1910–1979 m. Lucy (Florence) Strugnell 1911–1991
        3. 3. Cyril Churchill 1914–
        4. 4. Sadie Churchill 1913–
      6. 6. Mary (Ann) Churchill 1868–
    2. 2. Elizabeth Churchill 1827–
      1. 1. John Harvey 1850–
      2. 2. Patrick Harvey 1850–
      3. 3. Joseph Harvey 1850–
      4. 4. Agnes Harvey 1850–
      5. 5. Francis Harvey 1850–
      6. 6. Margaret Harvey 1850–
      7. 7. Ellen Harvey 1850–
      8. 8. Phrine Harvey 1850–
      9. 9. Cecelia Harvey 1850–
      10. 10. James Harvey 1850–
      11. 11. Sarah Harvey 1850–
    3. 3. James Churchill 1858–1922 m. Selina Picco 1853–1938
      1. 1. Samuel Churchill 1879–1924 m. Amelia ((Milly)) Picco 1891–1971
        1. 1. William (George) Churchill 1922–2002 m. Rita Churchill 1924–2013
        2. 2. Frederick (M) Churchill 1924–2000 m. Alice Mitchell 1925–2015
        3. 3. Edna Churchill 1915–1995 m. George Picco 1908–1990
        4. 4. Fanny (Churchill) 1918 1918–1986 m. Roland Mitchell 1903–1969
        5. 5. Ethel Churchill 1920–2008 m. Caleb Churchill 1916–1995
      2. 2. George Churchill 1884–1924
      3. 3. James Churchill 1889–1919
      4. 4. William Churchill 1880–1935 m. Caroline (Elizabeth "Carrie") Myers 1877–1969
        1. 1. William (Joseph Churchill) Jr. 1904–1981 m. Margaret (E) Demarest 1922–1987
        2. 2. Selina Churchill 1915–1968 m. Walter (Glemann) Sr. 1905–
        3. 3. Edna Churchill 1903–1907
      5. 5. Edna (Alexandria) Churchill 1891–1943 m. Daniel (Michael) Coviello 1902– m. William (Henry) Brockhousen 1874–1920
        1. 1. Joseph (Richard) Coviello 1924–2002
        2. 2. Fredericka ('Fannie') Brockhousen 1917–2005
        3. 3. William Brockhausen 1918–
        4. 4. Edna (Alexandria) Brockhausen 1920–1993
    4. 4. John (Churchill 1833) abt 1833–1896
    5. 5. William (Churchill Jr. Abt) 1840 1840–1896
    6. 6. Louisa (Churchill) Hyde 1845–1924 m. Sylvanus Hyde 1842–1901
      1. 1. Rachel Hyde 1880–1963
      2. 2. Mary (Jane) Hyde 1870–
      3. 3. Sara (Beatrice) Hyde 1887–
      4. 4. William (James) Hyde 1883–1940
      5. 5. John (Charles) Hyde 1885–
      6. 6. Lydia Hyde 1881–1966
      7. 7. Anne (Celina Noel) Hyde 1874–1956
      8. 8. Mary (Jane) Hyde 1873–1943
  3. 3. Absalom Churchill 1828–1861 m. Susannah Baker 1829–1884
    1. 1. Rosanna ((Rowanna)) Churchill 1853–
      1. 1. Abel (Churchill) Cooper 1887–1964
    2. 2. Abel Churchill 1854–1878
    3. 3. Uriah Churchill 1860–
  4. 4. Charlotte Churchill 1818–1899
    1. 1. John Gleeson 1850– m. Ellen Quigley 1856–
      1. 1. Richard Gleeson 1895–1974
    2. 2. Phillip Gleeson 1855–
    3. 3. Charlotte Gleeson 1859–
    4. 4. Richard Gleeson 1846–
    5. 5. Elizabeth Gleeson 1860–1902
    6. 6. Jane Gleeson 1848–
  5. 5. William Churchill 1816–1881
  6. 6. Welthan ("Han") Churchill 1815–
  7. 7. Henry Churchill 1816–1891
  8. 8. Annie Churchill 1815–1898 m. Thomas Avery 1817–1899
    1. 1. Lydia Avery 1856–1938
    2. 2. Patience Avery 1836–
    3. 3. Mary Avery 1839–1903
    4. 4. William (Thomas) Avery 1845–1906
    5. 5. Simeon Avery 1848–1932
    6. 6. Jonah ((John)) Avery 1853–1929
  9. 9. Elizabeth ((Eliza)) Churchill 1834–1921
  10. 10. Richard Churchill 1820–1881
  11. 11. Mary Churchill 1808–1902 m. William Hammond 1806–
    1. 1. Peter Hammond 1833–1909
    2. 2. John Hammond 1833–1924
    3. 3. Thomas Hammond 1838–
    4. 4. Henry Hammond 1840–1915
  12. 12. Patience Churchill 1831–
  13. 13. Simeon (Wesley) Churchill 1829–
  14. 14. James (Churchill) Jr 1823–1912
  15. 15. Phillip Churchill –1823
  16. 16. Stephen Churchill 1822–1916
  17. 17. John (Churchill) 1813 1813–1892
    1. 1. Mary Churchill 1840–
    2. 2. Charlotte Churchill 1846–
    3. 3. Susan Churchill 1849–
    4. 4. James Churchill 1852–
    5. 5. John (Charles) Churchill 1858–
  18. 18. John (James (1832)) Churchill 1832–
  19. 19. Nathaniel Churchill 1824–1889 m. Sophie Miller 1826–
    1. 1. Mary (Ann Picco) 1850 1850–1893 m. Levi Churchill 1845–1916
      1. 1. Daniel Churchill 1891–1984 m. Margaret (Wright Wilson) Churchill 1896–1946
        1. 1. Jessie (Louisa Wilson) Churchill 1923–2014 m. Kenneth Churchill 1921–2001
        2. 2. Elizabeth Churchill 1918–
        3. 3. Mary (Ann) Churchill 1920–
        4. 4. Alexander Churchill 1926–1992
      2. 2. Henry (Paul "Harry") Churchill 1881–1972 m. Caroline (Jane (Carrie)) Best 1882–1963 m. Frances ("Fanny)") Jones 1878–1914
        1. 1. George Churchill 1906–2001 m. Mary Bickford 1904–1965
        2. 2. Henry ('Harry") Churchill 1910–1977 m. Lydia ("Liddy") Churchill 1914–1985
        3. 3. John Churchill 1911–1944
        4. 4. Thomas Churchill 1920–1940
        5. 5. Henry Churchill 1911–
      3. 3. Mary Churchill 1882–1973
      4. 4. George Churchill 1886–1972
      5. 5. William (James) Churchill 1891–1919
      6. 6. Helen Churchill 1880–
      7. 7. Sophia (Jane) Churchill 1883–1956
      8. 8. Margaret (Emma) Churchill 1886–1911
      9. 9. Rebecca (M.) Churchill 1892–1979
      10. 10. Charles (F) Churchill 1889–1947
  20. 20. Jervis Churchill 1799–1870 m. Jane Earl(e) 1800–1879
    1. 1. Robert Churchill 1824–1873 m. Frances ((Fanny)) French 1834–1904
      1. 1. Mary (Jane) Churchill 1861–1863
      2. 2. Emma Churchill 1865–1888
      3. 3. Fanny (Churchill) 1867 1867–1886
      4. 4. Edward (Charles) Churchill 1872–1881
      5. 5. Issac (French) Churchill 1854–1902
      6. 6. William (French) Churchill 1856–1880
      7. 7. Samuel (French) Churchill 1858–1878
      8. 8. Robert (French Churchill) Capt. 1863–1927 m. Isabella Bradbury 1865–1953
        1. 1. Isaac Churchill 1903–1987 m. Florabelle ("Flo") Mercer 1909–2000
        2. 2. Robert (Maxwell "Max" Churchill Sr) Sr 1898–1990
        3. 3. William (Stanley) Churchill 1901–1995 m. Dorothy (Jean "Enith") Churchill 1917–1938
        4. 4. Alton (Hiram) Churchill 1906–2001 m. Doris (J) Badcock 1910–2007
        5. 5. Fannie (Muriel) Churchill 1894–1961
        6. 6. Nellie (Olive) Churchill 1896–1898
      9. 9. Jane (Churchill) 1853 1853–1883
      10. 10. Elinor Churchill 1871–1886
    2. 2. Mary (Churchill) Kearly 1837–1862
    3. 3. Sophia Churchill 1835–1904 m. Joseph Parsons 1812–1860
    4. 4. Jervis Churchill 1823–
    5. 5. James Churchill 1820–
    6. 6. Frances (Earle Churchill) Mercer 1832–1887 m. Thomas (Churchill) (Mercer) 1831–1926
      1. 1. William (Robert) Mercer 1873–1964
    7. 7. William Churchill 1816–1907 m. Jane (Crane) Churchill 1829–1901
      1. 1. Isaac Churchill 1862–1946 m. Emma Snow 1867–1901 m. Alice (Rosina) Kingdom 1872–1935
        1. 1. Isaac (Walter) Churchill 1900–1901
        2. 2. Christopher (James Henry) Churchill 1914–1941
        3. 3. Opal (May Churchill) Coucheres 1896–1974 m. Steve Coucheres 1882–1954
        4. 4. Reginald (Frederick) Churchill 1906–1969
        5. 5. Leonard (Stanley) Churchill 1905–2005
        6. 6. Jack (Naboth) Churchill 1910–2001
        7. 7. Edmond (Cyril Isaac) Churchill 1911–1997 m. Esther (Card) Churchill 1918–2010 m. Esther Card 1918–2010
        8. 8. Albert (Harold) Churchill 1909–1974
        9. 9. William (Ralph) Churchill 1907–1989 m. Pearl (Bohannon) Churchill 1917–1969
        10. 10. Malcolm (Vincent) Churchill 1899–
        11. 11. Ethel (Blanche) Churchill 1895–1931
      2. 2. Sarah Churchill 1858–1905
      3. 3. Samuel Churchill 1865–1891
      4. 4. Robert (John) Churchill 1870–1928
      5. 5. Anne Churchill 1860–1948
      6. 6. William Churchill 1853–1853
      7. 7. Elizabeth Churchill 1854–1928
      8. 8. Mary (Jane) Churchill 1856–1928
      9. 9. John Churchill 1850–1927
      10. 10. William Churchill 1866–1866
      11. 11. James (Henry) Churchill 1868–1908

James Churchill's Timeline

9 Records

1781
Bef. 12 Jan 1781
Birth of James Churchill in St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
1781
BEF 12 Jan 1781
Birth of James Churchill in Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
1781
ABT 1781
Birth of James Churchill
None
1781
BEF 12 Jan 1781
Birth of James Churchill in Grates Cove, Newfoundland
Grates Cove, Newfoundland
1781
12 Jan 1781
Birth of James Churchill in Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
1781
1781
Birth of James Churchill in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
1851
Abt 1851
Age 70
Death of James Churchill in Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
1862
1 APR 1862
Age 81
Death of James Churchill in Northern Bight, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Northern Bight, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
1871
1871
Age 90
James Churchill resided here
None

Sources

    Genealogy Event 1
    Event Type: Birth
    Event Date: Bef. 12 Jan 1781
    Event Place: St John's, Newfoundland, Canada

    Genealogy Event 2
    Event Type: Birth
    Event Date: BEF 12 Jan 1781
    Event Place: Portugal Cove, Newfoundland

    Genealogy Event 3
    Event Type: Birth
    Event Date: ABT 1781

    Genealogy Event 4
    Event Type: Birth
    Event Date: BEF 12 Jan 1781
    Event Place: Grates Cove, Newfoundland

    Genealogy Event 5
    Event Type: Birth
    Event Date: 12 Jan 1781
    Event Place: Portugal Cove, Newfoundland

    Genealogy Event 6
    Event Type: Birth
    Event Date: 1781
    Event Place: Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

    Genealogy Event 7
    Event Type: Residence
    Event Date: 1871
    Record Source: Canadian Genealogy Index, 1600s-1900s

    Genealogy Event 8
    Event Type: Death
    Event Date: 1 APR 1862
    Event Place: Northern Bight, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

    Genealogy Event 9
    Event Type: Death
    Event Date: Abt 1851
    Event Place: Portugal Cove, Newfoundland
Find more search results for James Churchill

About YourRoots

Family Tree Map

Explore your family tree geographically

Import your GEDCOM file to transform your family tree into an interactive global map. See your roots laid out visually and understand your true geographic heritage.

Powerful tools like "Trace Back To Me" instantly map your family's migration paths from a chosen ancestor all the way back to you.

LEARN MORE
AI Genealogy Research

Discover ancestors beyond "end-of-line" automatically

Import your family tree and let AI expand it for you. AI Ancestor Finder scans "end-of-line" ancestors to uncover their parents across hundreds of family lines at once. AI Deep Research analyzes selected ancestors and family clusters, suggesting relevant records and next steps.

Turn on Auto Research Mode to get new discoveries daily or weekly, so your tree keeps growing even while you're away.

LEARN MORE
DNA Match

Find more DNA matches across all DNA tests

Combine your DNA data with your family tree to unlock the full power of YourRoots DNA Match. Connect with relatives across major testing services — Ancestry, 23andMe, MyHeritage, and more.

View your matches' maps and trees to identify shared ancestors, and soon you'll be able to add them directly to your own tree and map.

LEARN MORE
Ancestry Reports

Ancestry DNA analysis that goes deeper than others

Unlock exclusive reports that reveal your deeper origins.

  • Deep Ancestry Report — Analyze 130+ ethnicities, sub-regions, and 1,800+ communities in one detailed view.
  • Global & Native American Reports — Developed with Stanford researchers to uncover hidden ancestries across all 22 chromosomes.
  • Ancient DNA Series — Compare your DNA with 1,000+ ancient genomes from Viking, Celtic, and early American civilizations.
LEARN MORE