ES
Ethel Smith — 1940 US Census Record
Model Tree available1940 United States Federal Census · Allegheny-County, Pennsylvania
Our Model Tree links this Ethel Smith across the 1920, 1930 and 1940 US Censuses in Allegheny-County, Pennsylvania (XGBoost, ~Confirmed), with identified parents Emma & Dwight — first a daughter (b.~1917), then head of a 5-person household.
Age 23
b. ~1917
Female
Daughter
Born: Pennsylvania
Married
1940 Census Record Details
| Census Year | 1940 |
| Location | Allegheny-County, Pennsylvania |
| Surname | Smith |
| Given Name | Ethel |
| Relationship to Head | Daughter |
| Sex | F |
| Color / Race | White |
| Age | 23 |
| Marital Status | Married |
| Birthplace | Pennsylvania |
| 1935 Residence (City) | Pittsburgh City |
| 1935 Residence (County) | Allegheny |
| Additional Details | |
| Class of Worker | 0 |
| Hours Worked | 0 |
| Highest Grade | No 11 |
| 1935 Residence | Same Place |
| Birth State | Pennsylvania |
| Birth Country | United States |
| Birthplace (normalized) | pennsylvania |
| Township / Ward | Pittsburgh City |
| Est. Birth Year | ~1917 |
Household Members
Census records only state relationship to the household head.
Pairwise kinship is derived (~90–95% accurate), not recorded.
Step/blended families and boarders can break it.
5 people recorded at the same address in the 1940 census.
| Name | Relation to head | Relative to Ethel | Age | Birth yr |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethel Smith | Daughter | — | 23 | ~1917 |
| Emma Ludolff | Head | — | 65 | ~1875 |
| Knox Smith | Other | — | 26 | ~1914 |
| Edgar Ludolff | Son | — | 28 | ~1912 |
| Wilbert Ludolff | Son | — | 21 | ~1919 |
Census Appearances
1920
Allegheny, Pennsylvania
Daughter, age 1
Allegheny, Pennsylvania · implied b. ~1919 — 3 household members
●
Primary link
· ~Confirmed · 2 sources
XGBoost
Household
| Surname | Smith |
| Given Name | Ethel |
| Relationship to Head | Daughter |
| Sex | F |
| Color / Race | White |
| Age | 1 |
| Marital Status | Single |
| Birthplace | Pennsylvania |
| Father's Birthplace | Pennsylvania |
| Mother's Birthplace | Pennsylvania |
| Birth State | Pennsylvania |
| Birth Country | United States |
| Birthplace (normalized) | pennsylvania |
1930
Allegheny, Pennsylvania
Daughter, age 12
Allegheny, Pennsylvania · implied b. ~1918 — 5 household members
●
Primary link
· ~Confirmed · 2 sources
XGBoost
Household
| Surname | Smith |
| Given Name | Ethel S. |
| Relationship to Head | Daughter |
| Sex | F |
| Color / Race | White |
| Age | 12 |
| Marital Status | Single |
| Birthplace | Pennsylvania |
| Father's Birthplace | Pennsylvania |
| Mother's Birthplace | Pennsylvania |
| Can Read/Write | Yes |
| Birth State | Pennsylvania |
| Birth Country | United States |
| Birthplace (normalized) | pennsylvania |
1940
Allegheny-County, Pennsylvania
Daughter, age 23
Allegheny-County, Pennsylvania · implied b. ~1917 — 5 household members
| Surname | Smith |
| Given Name | Ethel |
| Relationship to Head | Daughter |
| Sex | F |
| Color / Race | White |
| Age | 23 |
| Marital Status | Married |
| Birthplace | Pennsylvania |
| 1935 Residence (City) | Pittsburgh City |
| 1935 Residence (County) | Allegheny |
| Class of Worker | 0 |
| Hours Worked | 0 |
| Highest Grade | No 11 |
| 1935 Residence | Same Place |
| Birth State | Pennsylvania |
| Birth Country | United States |
| Birthplace (normalized) | pennsylvania |
Model Tree
An inferred pedigree reconstructed from census links — up to 4 generations within the 1900–1950 window. Closer generations are built from household co-residence; deeper ones are bridged by following a relative to their own childhood census. Confidence compounds and weakens with each generation.
Our Model Tree links Ethel Smith across 3 US Census years (1920, 1930 and 1940) in 2 locations, using XGBoost record linkage. Identified parents: mother Emma Ludolff (~0.92 confidence) and father Dwight Smith (~0.92 confidence) and father Ernest Smith (~0.92 confidence) and mother Bertha Smith (~0.92 confidence) and mother Grace Smith (~0.92 confidence). The pedigree spans 1 generation with 5 identified ancestors.
Show:
Gen 1
Parents
confidence ≈ 0.92
Mother
Emma Ludolff
b. ~1875
Source mother
● Household
· direct · ~0.92
Father
Dwight Smith
b. ~1885
Source father
● Household
· direct · ~0.92
Father
Ernest Smith
b. ~1898
Source father
● Household
· direct · ~0.92
Mother
Bertha Smith
b. ~1896
Source mother
● Household
· direct · ~0.92
Mother
Grace Smith
b. ~1898
Source mother
● Household
· direct · ~0.92
This person
Anchor record
Ethel Smith
Daughter · 1940 · age 23 · b. ~1917 · Pennsylvania
★ You are viewing this record
Sibling
Edgar Ludolff
Sibling · 1940 · age 28
Source co-child of head (derived)
● Co-child · derived · ~0.88
Sibling
Wilbert Ludolff
Sibling · 1940 · age 21
Source co-child of head (derived)
● Co-child · derived · ~0.88
Confirmed / household (~0.90+)
Probable / derived (~0.65–0.89)
Candidate (<0.65, unverified)
Original Census Page
1940 US Federal Census — Allegheny-County, Pennsylvania
Open full size
1940 US Federal Census — Allegheny-County, Pennsylvania
Page Contents
40 people indexed on this census page (nara:1940:m-t0627-03675-00542)
| Line | Name | Age | Relation | Occupation | Birthplace |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anna Dohn | 77 | Head | — | Germany |
| 2 | Harry Dohn | 47 | Son | — | Pennsylvania |
| 3 | August Berie | 33 | Head | Electric Welder | Pennsylvania |
| 4 | Cecelia Berie | 29 | Wife | — | Pennsylvania |
| 5 | Jacqueline Berie | 9 | Daughter | — | Pennsylvania |
| 6 | Adrienne Berie | 8 | Daughter | — | Pennsylvania |
| 7 | Gregory Berie | 2 | Son | — | Pennsylvania |
| 8 | Christian Winter | 46 | Head | Proprietor | Germany |
| 9 | Catherine E. Winter | 37 | Wife | — | Pennsylvania |
| 10 | Anna Winter | 17 | Daughter | Clerk | Pennsylvania |
| 11 | Mary Winter | 16 | Daughter | — | Pennsylvania |
| 12 | Grace Winter | 14 | Daughter | — | Pennsylvania |
| 13 | Dorothy Winter | 12 | Daughter | — | Pennsylvania |
| 14 | Norbert Winter | 11 | Son | — | Pennsylvania |
| 15 | Florence Winter | 9 | Daughter | — | Pennsylvania |
| 16 | Catherine Winter | 7 | Daughter | — | Pennsylvania |
| 17 | Barbara Winter | 6 | Daughter | — | Pennsylvania |
| 18 | George Winter | 1 | Son | — | Pennsylvania |
| 19 | Mary Elias | 26 | Servant | Servant | Pennsylvania |
| 20 | Elizabeth Smith | 54 | Head | — | Northern Ireland |
| 21 | Robert A. Smith | 25 | Son | Chauffeur | Pennsylvania |
| 22 | John C. Smith | 22 | Son | Trimmer | Pennsylvania |
| 23 | Jane M. Smith | 17 | Daughter | — | Pennsylvania |
| 24 | Robert Nicholson | 38 | Brother | Grocery Clerk | Ireland |
| 25 | Emma Ludolff | 65 | Head | — | Pennsylvania |
| 26 | Edgar Ludolff | 28 | Son | — | Pennsylvania |
| 27 | Wilbert Ludolff | 21 | Son | Laborer | Pennsylvania |
| 28 | Knox Smith | 26 | Son-in-Law | Truck Driver | Pennsylvania |
| 29 | Ethel Smith THIS PERSON | 23 | Daughter | — | Pennsylvania |
| 30 | William Brubach | 41 | Head | Painter | Pennsylvania |
| 31 | Ruth Brubach | 37 | Wife | — | Pennsylvania |
| 32 | Betty Brubach | 16 | Daughter | — | Pennsylvania |
| 33 | Margaret A. Dunn | 83 | Head | — | Pennsylvania |
| 34 | Francis L. Dunn | 61 | Son | Foreman | Pennsylvania |
| 35 | Elizabeth Plassmeyer | 58 | Daughter | Mangle Operator | Pennsylvania |
| 36 | William Frackelton | 65 | Lodger | Elevator Operator | Massachusetts |
| 37 | Fred J. Schwartz | 77 | Head | — | Germany |
| 38 | Ida Schwartz | 47 | Daughter | Matron | Pennsylvania |
| 39 | Walter Zeise | 46 | Son-in-Law | Warehouse Laborer | Pennsylvania |
| 40 | Bertha Zeise | 42 | Daughter | — | Pennsylvania |
Pedigree Summary
Ethel + 2 siblings
Gen 1 · 5 parents
~0.92
Max depth 4 (1900–1950 window)
About This Record & Model Tree
This record was independently indexed by YourRoots from the 1940 United States Federal Census (NARA). Our Model Tree links this person across census decades using XGBoost-based record linkage, with per-link confidence scores. Household corroboration strengthens the signal when co-residents appear on the same census pages in multiple years.
Source: National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)