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Paul Miller — 1940 US Census Record
Linked across censuses1940 United States Federal Census · Houghton-County, Michigan
Our Model Tree links this Paul Miller across the 1920, 1930 and 1940 US Censuses in Houghton-County, Michigan (XGBoost, ~Confirmed) — first a head (b.~1891), then head of a 9-person household.
Age 49
b. ~1891
Male
Head
Born: Finland
Married
1940 Census Record Details
| Census Year | 1940 |
| Location | Houghton-County, Michigan |
| Surname | Miller |
| Given Name | Paul |
| Relationship to Head | Head |
| Sex | M |
| Color / Race | White |
| Age | 49 |
| Marital Status | Married |
| Birthplace | Finland |
| 1935 Residence (City) | Painesdale |
| 1935 Residence (County) | Houghton |
| Naturalization Status | Naturalized |
| Additional Details | |
| Occupation | miner |
| Industry | mine |
| Class of Worker | PW |
| Hours Worked | 48 |
| Income (1939) | 1037 |
| Highest Grade | No 0 |
| 1935 Residence | Same place |
| Birth Country | Finland |
| Birthplace (normalized) | finland |
| Occupation | Miner |
| Township / Ward | Painesdale |
| Est. Birth Year | ~1891 |
Household Members
Census records only state relationship to the household head.
Pairwise kinship is derived (~90–95% accurate), not recorded.
Step/blended families and boarders can break it.
9 people recorded at the same address in the 1940 census.
| Name | Relation to head | Relative to Paul | Age | Birth yr |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lillian Miller | Daughter | — | 19 | ~1921 |
| Fannie Miller | Daughter | — | 22 | ~1918 |
| Paul Miller | Head | — | 49 | ~1891 |
| Armas Miller | Son | — | 10 | ~1930 |
| Luke Miller | Son | — | 23 | ~1917 |
| Bernard Miller | Son | — | 15 | ~1925 |
| Melvin Miller | Son | — | 16 | ~1924 |
| William Miller | Son | — | 25 | ~1915 |
| Annie Miller | Spouse | — | 45 | ~1895 |
Census Appearances
1920
Walsh, North …
Head, age 27
Walsh, North Dakota · implied b. ~1893 — 3 household members
●
Primary link
· ~Confirmed · 2 sources
XGBoost
Household
| Surname | Miller |
| Given Name | Paul |
| Relationship to Head | Head |
| Sex | M |
| Color / Race | White |
| Age | 27 |
| Marital Status | Married |
| Birthplace | Finland |
| Year of Immigration | 1910 |
| Naturalization Status | First papers filed |
| Father's Birthplace | Finland |
| Mother's Birthplace | Finland |
| Occupation | Farm Laborer |
| Industry | General Farm |
| Class of Worker | W |
| Can Read | Yes |
| Can Write | Yes |
| Speaks English | Yes |
| Mother Tongue | Finnish |
| Home Owned/Rented | R |
| Birth Country | Finland |
| Birthplace (normalized) | finland |
1930
Houghton, Michigan
Head, age 38
Houghton, Michigan · implied b. ~1892 — 8 household members
●
Primary link
· ~Confirmed · 2 sources
XGBoost
Household
| Surname | Miller |
| Given Name | Paul |
| Relationship to Head | Head |
| Sex | M |
| Color / Race | White |
| Age | 38 |
| Marital Status | Married |
| Birthplace | Finland |
| Naturalization Status | First papers filed |
| Year of Immigration | 1910 |
| Age at First Marriage | 30 |
| Father's Birthplace | Finland |
| Mother's Birthplace | Finland |
| Occupation | Miner |
| Industry | Copper Mine |
| Class of Worker | W |
| Can Read/Write | Yes |
| Mother Tongue | Finnish |
| Home Owned/Rented | R |
| Home Value / Rent | 5 |
| Birth Country | Finland |
| Birthplace (normalized) | finland |
1940
Houghton-County, Michigan
Head, age 49
Houghton-County, Michigan · implied b. ~1891 — 9 household members
| Surname | Miller |
| Given Name | Paul |
| Relationship to Head | Head |
| Sex | M |
| Color / Race | White |
| Age | 49 |
| Marital Status | Married |
| Birthplace | Finland |
| 1935 Residence (City) | Painesdale |
| 1935 Residence (County) | Houghton |
| Naturalization Status | Naturalized |
| Occupation | miner |
| Industry | mine |
| Class of Worker | PW |
| Hours Worked | 48 |
| Income (1939) | 1037 |
| Highest Grade | No 0 |
| 1935 Residence | Same place |
| Birth Country | Finland |
| Birthplace (normalized) | finland |
Model Tree
An inferred pedigree reconstructed from census links — up to 4 generations within the 1900–1950 window. Closer generations are built from household co-residence; deeper ones are bridged by following a relative to their own childhood census. Confidence compounds and weakens with each generation.
Our Model Tree links Paul Miller across 3 US Census years (1920, 1930 and 1940) in 3 locations, using XGBoost record linkage.
Show:
This person
Anchor record
Paul Miller
Head · 1940 · age 49 · b. ~1891 · Michigan
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Confirmed / household (~0.90+)
Probable / derived (~0.65–0.89)
Candidate (<0.65, unverified)
Original Census Page
1940 US Federal Census — Houghton-County, Michigan
Open full size
1940 US Federal Census — Houghton-County, Michigan
Page Contents
40 people indexed on this census page (nara:1940:m-t0627-01756-00115)
| Line | Name | Age | Relation | Occupation | Birthplace |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | Paul Miller THIS PERSON | 49 | Head | Miner | Finland |
| 42 | Annie Miller | 45 | Wife | — | Finland |
| 43 | William Miller | 25 | Son | Miner | Dakota |
| 44 | Luke Miller | 23 | Son | Laborer | Dakota |
| 45 | Fannie Miller | 22 | Daughter | — | Minnesota |
| 46 | Lillian Miller | 19 | Daughter | — | Dakota |
| 47 | Melvin Miller | 16 | Son | — | Minnesota |
| 48 | Bernard Miller | 15 | Son | — | Minnesota |
| 49 | Armas Miller | 10 | Son | — | Michigan |
| 50 | Sam Perala | 34 | Head | Miner | Finland |
| 51 | Effie Perala | 31 | Wife | — | Michigan |
| 52 | Kenneth Perala | 8 | Son | — | Michigan |
| 53 | Russell Perala | 5 | Son | — | Michigan |
| 54 | Dorothy Hallenpaa | 10 | Daughter | — | Michigan |
| 55 | George Misuenis | 56 | Head | Miner | Lithuania |
| 56 | Casalina Misuenis | 55 | Wife | — | Lithuania |
| 57 | Gustave Grodman | 50 | Head | — | Germany |
| 58 | Freda Grodman | 48 | Wife | — | Germany |
| 59 | Helta Grodman | 18 | Daughter | Seamstress | Germany |
| 60 | Gustave Grodman | 15 | Son | — | Germany |
| 61 | Hedwick Grodman | 20 | Daughter | — | Germany |
| 62 | Joseph Kalka | 42 | Head | Miner | Germany |
| 63 | Helma Kalka | 42 | Wife | — | Germany |
| 64 | Bronza Kalka | 18 | Daughter | — | Germany |
| 65 | Frank Kalka | 17 | Son | Reforestation | Germany |
| 66 | Elizabeth Kalka | 14 | Daughter | — | Michigan |
| 67 | Ruth Kalka | 6 | Daughter | — | Michigan |
| 68 | Frank Kacmarcik | 43 | Head | Laborer | Germany |
| 69 | Mary Kacmarcik | 44 | Wife | — | Germany |
| 70 | Erik Kacmarcik | 20 | Son | — | Germany |
| 71 | Carl Kacmarcik | 17 | Son | — | Germany |
| 72 | Margaret Kacmarcik | 12 | Daughter | — | Michigan |
| 73 | Henry Lakarina | 53 | Head | Dry Man | Finland |
| 74 | Martha Lakarina | 40 | Wife | — | Germany |
| 75 | Betty Lakarina | 14 | Daughter | — | Michigan |
| 76 | Herbert Lakarina | 11 | Son | — | Michigan |
| 77 | Nels Rantala | 27 | Head | Miner | Michigan |
| 78 | Viola Rantala | 25 | Wife | — | Michigan |
| 79 | John Sechan | 33 | Head | Laborer | Michigan |
| 80 | Antoinette Sechan | 25 | Wife | — | Michigan |
About This Record & Model Tree
This record was independently indexed by YourRoots from the 1940 United States Federal Census (NARA). Our Model Tree links this person across census decades using XGBoost-based record linkage, with per-link confidence scores. Household corroboration strengthens the signal when co-residents appear on the same census pages in multiple years.
Source: National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)