The nadir of American race relations refers to a period in African-American history and the history of the United States from the end of Reconstruction in 1877 through the early 20th century. During this time, racism in the country, especially anti-black racism, was more open and pronounced than at any other period in the nation's history. African Americans lost access to many civil rights gained during Reconstruction, and anti-Black violence, lynchings, segregation, legalized racial discrimination, and expressions of white supremacy all increased. The term "nadir" was coined by historian Rayford Logan, and its usage continues to this day. The period is also characterized by widespread hope for racial equity due to idealistic Northern support for civil rights, followed by a decline in such support by Northern Republicans around 1890. It lasted until the United States entered World War II in 1941. This period overlapped with both the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era and was marked by the nationwide "sundown town" phenomenon. The time period also represents the worst period of anti-Chinese discrimination and wider anti-Asian discrimination due to fear of the so-called Yellow Peril. The nadir of American race relations has been revisited by historians, with a shift from the earlier negative assessment of Reconstruction to a more positive view, acknowledging the practical achievements and idealism of the time. Notable proponents of the negative view, referred to as the Dunning School, have been rejected by more recent historians

Nadir Larbaoui, born on September 26, 1949, is a prominent Algerian politician, lawyer, and diplomat, currently holding the position of Prime Minister of Algeria since November 2023. In his early years, Larbaoui was a distinguished athlete, representing the Algeria men's national handball team and achieving notable success in various championships. Following his sports career, he pursued higher education at the University of Algiers, obtaining a master's degree in public and private international law and a bachelor's degree in law, subsequently embarking on a career as a lawyer.Larbaoui's dedication and expertise led him to hold significant roles within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where he served in various capacities, including Director of the Legal and Consular Affairs Division, Director of the International Economic Relations Division, and Director for the Arab Maghreb Division. His outstanding diplomatic skills were further recognized as he assumed ambassadorial positions to prestigious organizations and countries such as the United Nations, Pakistan, Arab League, Arab Magreb Union, and Egypt.On March 11, 2023, Larbaoui was appointed as the chief of staff of President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, later assuming the role of Prime Minister, succeeding Aymen Benabderrahmane. His appointment was seen as a strategic move by President Tebboune to centralize decision-making ahead of the upcoming presidential election in December 2024.Nadir Larbaoui, hailing from