The Southern United States, also known as the American South or simply the South, is a diverse region encompassing states between the Atlantic Ocean and the Western United States, with the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico to its south. Historically shaped by the institution of slave labor, the South has a unique cultural and historical development influenced by a large African American population and a legacy of racism. The region is known for its distinct culture, including customs, fashion, musical styles, and cuisines, setting it apart from other areas of the United States. While the South has traditionally been more conservative, it has become a melting pot of cultures and people, with some areas showing a predominant liberalism, particularly in urban and Black-majority areas. The South is also home to the Bible Belt, characterized by high Protestant church attendance, especially evangelical churches such as the Southern Baptist Convention. Geographically, the South features diverse climatic zones, including temperate, sub-tropical, tropical, and arid, and is known for its rich flora and fauna, including unique species of flora and diverse wildlife. The region continues to experience rapid growth, with Houston being its largest city.

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is an African-American civil rights organization founded on January 10, 1957, in Atlanta, Georgia. The organization is closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr., who played a significant role in the American civil rights movement. SCLC's founding members, including Bayard Rustin, Ella Baker, Fred Shuttlesworth, Joseph Lowery, and Ralph Abernathy, aimed to coordinate and support nonviolent direct action to desegregate bus systems across the Southern United States. The organization initially focused on bus segregation but later expanded its scope to address all forms of segregation. SCLC's early years were marked by challenges, including resistance from the police, White Citizens' Council, and the Ku Klux Klan, as well as opposition from both white and black communities. Despite these obstacles, SCLC advocated for boycotts and nonviolent protests as methods for achieving racial equality. The organization's approach was controversial, as some black community leaders preferred legal challenges to segregation and were hesitant to involve ordinary black citizens in mass activism. SCLC's belief in the involvement of churches in political activism also faced opposition from traditional leaders in black communities. Despite these challenges, SCLC continued to work towards its goal of achieving civil rights and equality for African Americans.

Southern Min, also known as Minnan or Banlam, is a group of linguistically similar Chinese languages spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, Eastern Guangdong, Hainan, and Southern Zhejiang, with significant diaspora communities in Southeast Asia and the United States. With approximately 34 million native speakers, Minnan is the most widely spoken branch of Min Chinese. The most prominent Southern Min language is Hokkien, including Taiwanese, while other varieties like Teochew, Longyan, and Zhenan also have significant differences. Southern Min dialects are spoken in various regions, including mainland China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia, where they are known as Hokkien, Hokkienese, Fukien, or Fookien. The language is also prevalent among the Chinese community in Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, and other Southeast Asian countries. Despite similarities, the Hokkien and Teochew groups are rarely viewed together as "Southern Min." The variants of Southern Min in Zhejiang province are most akin to those spoken in Quanzhou, while those in the Chaoshan region of eastern Guangdong province are collectively known as Teo-Swa.

Southern England, also known as the South of England or the South, is a sub-national part of England, encompassing the southern, south-western, and part of the eastern regions. It includes the statistical regions of London, the South East, the South West, and the East, with a population of nearly 28 million and an area of 62,042 square kilometers. The region exhibits cultural, economic, and political distinctions from the Midlands and the North of England, being considered wealthier and more politically influential. The South is marked by geographic and political divisions, with Greater London being the most populous county, followed by Hampshire, Kent, and Essex. Notably, Bristol is the largest city in the South, excluding London.Geographically, the South comprises diverse landscapes, including low-lying areas, hill ranges like the Cotswolds and the Chilterns, and the highest point, High Willhays, in Devon. London, the capital of the United Kingdom, dominates as the largest city in the South with a population of 14.2 million in the London Metropolitan Area.Wealth and class dynamics in Southern England reflect considerable affluence, as evidenced by the high concentration of high-wealth families in the South East England region and London. However, there are also pockets of deprivation, particularly in Cornwall, Essex, and various London boroughs. The region's linguistic landscape is predominantly English, representing the native language of the English people.

Southern Germany, also known as Süddeutschland, is a culturally rich region that encompasses the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia, as well as parts of Baden-Württemberg, Hesse, and Rhineland-Palatinate. Historically, culturally, and linguistically associated with German-speaking Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Alsace, and South Tyrol, Southern Germany is characterized by its Upper German dialects and shares similarities with these regions.Home to over 30 million people, Southern Germany is a powerhouse of manufacturing, particularly in the automobile and machinery industry. It also boasts some of Germany's most prestigious universities and features a diverse landscape of rolling hills, mid-range mountains, and a part of the Alps in the southeast. The region's culinary offerings include a variety of beer, wine, stews, sausages, and pasta dishes, reflecting its rich cultural heritage.With its strong Catholic majority and significant Lutheran Protestant population, Southern Germany has played a significant role in global migration, with emigrants from the region being among the first settlers of the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania in the United States. This culturally vibrant region continues to thrive as a prominent cultural and economic hub within Germany.